Models of narrative analysis: A typology

The recent increase in the number of narrative studies in the human sciences is marked by great diversity in methods and theoretical perspectives. Researchers offer different answers to many questions, from what constitutes a narrative and how different genres may be specified to the aims and functions of storytelling. To clarify differences among approaches, a typology of models is proposed that focuses on which of three alternative problems are defined as the central task for narrative research: reference and the relation between temporal orderings of events and their narrative representation; textual coherence and structure, and how these are achieved through narrative strategies; and psychological, cultural, and social contexts and functions of narratives. Within each of these general categories, subclasses are distinguished in terms of the specific ways in which the central problem is addressed. Exemplars of each demonstrates the depth, strength, and diversity of current research on narrative. It is suggested that further development of the field would benefit from more inclusive research strategies that combine what have been separate lines of inquiry.